Identifier: mentaldiseaseste00cole (find matches)
Title: Mental diseases. A text-book of psychiatry for medical students and practitioners
Year: 1913 (1910s)
Authors: Cole, Robert Henry, 1866-1926
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Publisher: New York, Wood
Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons

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ehem in 1247, on the site of Liverpool Street and theG. E. R. station. It was seized by Edward III in 1375, and ayear or so later the patients of a mediaeval asylum in TrafalgarSquare were transferred to the care of the Bishopsgate hospice.Henry VIII granted a charter in 1546-7, handing over thebuilding to the City of London, for the use of the insane, andeleven years later it was transferred to the Governors of Bride-well. This was the first Bedlam as mentioned in the plays ofShakespeare, but as early as 1377 there is record of insanepatients residing there. In 1619 the first regular medical officerwas appointed, and it soon became manifest that the Hospitalwas not large enough and was unfit for its work. Therefore, in1675, the second Bethlem, as known to Hogarth, was built atMoorfields. It accommodated 120 patients, and was more orless of a public show-place. This was superseded by the thirdand present Bethlem opened at Lambeth in 1815, to which INSANITY, ITS INCIDENCE AND HISTORY 9
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Fig. 3.— The old system of treatnient. 10 MENTAL DISEASES additions have been made, especially between 1838 and 1852,resulting in the present stately edifice. It is pre-eminently theregistered hospital for acute mental disorders in the educatedmiddle classes, and with its splendid revenue it is able to dovaluable philanthropic work; it is also an important centrefor teaching purposes. Since 1871 it has had a branch conva-lescent establishment at Witley.. The abolition of mechanical restraint in the treatment ofinsanity, which marks the present humanitarian epoch, is oneof the most brilliant achievements in the annals of Medicine. Itbegan with Pinel at the Bicetre Asylum in Paris at the time of theFrench Revolution, and simultaneously in England with WilliamTuke, who founded the York Retreat in 1792, and was followedby the strenuous efforts of Esquirol in France, of Rush inAmerica, and of Conolly and Gardiner Hill in England, theformer at Hanwell, and the latter at Lincoln, so that w

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