Kortyzol: Różnice pomiędzy wersjami

* Suplementacja magnezem obniża poziom kortyzolu w surowicy po ćwiczeniach aerobowych<ref>{{Cytuj|autor=S. W. Golf, O. Happel, V. Graef, K. E. Seim|tytuł=Plasma Aldosterone, Cortisol and Electrolyte Concentrations in Physical Exercise after Magnesium Supplementation|czasopismo=Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine|data=1984-01-01|data dostępu=2016-10-16|issn=1437-4331|wydanie=11|doi=10.1515/cclm.1984.22.11.717}}</ref><ref>{{Cytuj|autor=S. W. Golf, S. Bender, J. Grüttner|tytuł=On the Significance of Magnesium in Extreme Physical Stress|czasopismo=Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy|data dostępu=2016-10-16|issn=0920-3206|wydanie=2|s=197–202|doi=10.1023/A:1007708918683 |język=en}}</ref>, ale nie po treningu oporowym<ref>{{Cytuj|autor=Colin D. Wilborn, Chad M. Kerksick, Bill I. Campbell, Lem W. Taylor, Brandon M. Marcello|tytuł=Effects of Zinc Magnesium Aspartate (ZMA) Supplementation on Training Adaptations and Markers of Anabolism and Catabolism|czasopismo=Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition|data=2004-01-01|data dostępu=2016-10-16|issn=1550-2783|wydanie=1|s=12|doi=10.1186/1550-2783-1-2-12}}</ref>.

* [[Kwasy tłuszczowe omega-3]] wykazują zależną od dawki<ref>Bhathena SJ, Berlin E, Judd JT, Kim YC, Law JS, Bhagavan HN, Ballard-Barbash R, Nair PP (1991). "Effects of omega 3 fatty acids and vitamin E on hormones involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in men".&nbsp;''Am. J. Clin. Nutr''.&nbsp;'''54'''&nbsp;(4): 684–8 PMID.&nbsp;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1832814 1832814].</ref> właściwość zmniejszania produkcji kortyzolu wywołanej przez stres psychiczny<ref>{{Cytuj|autor=J Delarue, O Matzinger, C Binnert, P Schneiter, R Chioléro|tytuł=Fish oil prevents the adrenal activation elicited by mental stress in healthy men|czasopismo=Diabetes & Metabolism|wydanie=3|data = czerwiec 2003|s=289–295|doi=10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70039-3|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1262363607700393}}</ref>, poprzez hamowanie syntezy [[Interleukina 1|interleukiny-1]] oraz -6 i wzmaganie syntezy interleukiny-2. Interleukina-1 wzmaga wydzielanie hormonu [[Kortykoliberyna|CRH]]. [[Kwasy tłuszczowe omega-6]] z kolei wykazują odwrotne działanie na syntezę [[Interleukiny|interleukin]]<ref>Yehuda S (2003). "Omega-6/omega-3 ratio brain related functions". In Simopoulos AP, Cleland LG.''Omega-6, omega-3 essential fatty acid ratio: the scientific evidence''. Basel: Karger. s.&nbsp;50.&nbsp;[[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Specjalna:BookSources/3-8055-7640-4|3-8055-7640-4]].</ref>.

* [[Masaż]] może redukować poziom kortyzolu<ref>{{Cytuj|autor=TIFFANY FIELD, MARIA HERNANDEZ-REIF, MIGUEL DIEGO, SAUL SCHANBERG, CYNTHIA KUHN|tytuł=Cortisol Decreases and Serotonin and Dopamine Increase Following Massage Therapy|czasopismo=International Journal of Neuroscience|data=2005-01-01|data dostępu=2016-10-16|issn=0020-7454|wydanie=10|s=1397–1413|doi=10.1080/00207450590956459}}</ref>.

* Śmiech i doświadczenie rozśmieszenia może redukować poziom kortyzolu<ref>Berk LS, Tan SA, Berk D (2008).&nbsp;[https://www.fasebj.org/doi/10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.946.11 "Cortisol and Catecholamine stress hormone decrease is associated with the behavior of perceptual anticipation of mirthful laughter"].&nbsp;''The FASEB Journal''.&nbsp;'''22'''&nbsp;(1): 946.11.</ref>.

* Regularny taniec prowadzi do znacznej redukcji poziomu kortyzolu w ślinie badanych<ref>Quiroga MC, Bongard S, Kreutz G (July 2009). "Emotional and Neurohumoral Responses to Dancing Tango Argentino: The Effects of Music and Partner".&nbsp;''Music and Medicine''.&nbsp;'''1'''&nbsp;(1): 14–21.[[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1177/1943862109335064|10.1177/1943862109335064]].</ref>.

 

=== Czynniki zwiększające poziom kortyzolu ===

* Niedobór snu<ref>Leproult R, Copinschi G, Buxton O, Van Cauter E (October 1997). "Sleep loss results in an elevation of cortisol levels the next evening".&nbsp;''Sleep''.&nbsp;'''20'''&nbsp;(10): 865–70.&nbsp;PMID [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9415946 9415946].</ref>.

* intensywne lub długotrwałe ćwiczenia aerobowe przejściowo podwyższają poziom kortyzolu, aby zwiększyć efektywność [[Glukoneogeneza|glukoneogenezy]] i utrzymać stały poziom [[Glukoza|cukru]] we krwi. Po posiłku poziom kortyzolu wraca do normy<ref>Fuqua JS, Rogol AD (July 2013). "Neuroendocrine alterations in the exercising human: implications for energy homeostasis".&nbsp;''Metab. Clin. Exp''.&nbsp;'''62'''&nbsp;(7): 911–921.&nbsp;[[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.016|10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.016]]. PMID&nbsp;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23415825 23415825].&nbsp;<q>Cortisol has wide-ranging effects, including alterations of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism; catabolic effects on skin, muscle, connective tissue, and bone; immunomodulatory effects; blood pressure and circulatory system regulation; and effects on mood and central nervous system function. In the short term, activation of the HPA axis in response to stress is adaptive. However, long-term stress promoting chronic exposure of tissues to high cortisol concentrations becomes maladaptive.&nbsp;... Exercise, particularly sustained aerobic activity, is a potent stimulus of cortisol secretion. The circulating concentrations of cortisol are directly proportional to the intensity of exercise as measured by oxygen uptake. As is the case for the GH/IGF-1 and HPG axes, the HPA axis also receives many other inputs, including the light/dark cycle, feeding schedules, immune regulation, and many neurotransmitters that mediate the effects of exercise and physical and psychic stress [52].&nbsp;... The HPA is activated by stress, whether physical (exercise) or psychological. Increased cortisol production, along with activation of the sympathetic nervous system, affects whole body metabolism. This is apparently part of the catabolic response of the entire organism, with the purpose of mobilizing metabolic fuels that are subsequently broken down to produce energy and to dampen the threat or perceived threat.&nbsp;... Thus, a negative net energy balance leads to activation of the HPA axis and the circulating concomitants of the catabolic state in an attempt to keep core processes functional, realizing that the stress of exercise has no effect on cortisol and circulating metabolic substrates beyond the impact of the exercise energy expenditure on energy availability [60]. Thuma et al. [61] had already made the important observation that the reported differences in cortisol levels pre- and postexercise depended on whether this difference was measured from a single pretest level or from the physiologic circadian baseline as determined in an independent session in the resting state. By this analytical technique, these investigators showed that increasing energy expenditure led to significant cortisol release. This release was apparent if they subtracted the physiologic circadian baseline from the postexercise value.</q></ref>.