Wikiprojekt:Tłumaczenie artykułów/Lista najbliższych galaktyk
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Ten artykuł jest obecnie tłumaczony z języka angielskiego. Podstawę stanowi List of nearest galaxies. Zobacz obecny kształt artykułu. |
To jest lista galaktyk odległych maksymalnie 3.59 megaparseków (11.7 milionów lat świetlnych) od Układu Słonecznego, in ascending order of distance. This encompasses all of the about 50 Grupa Lokalna galaxies, and some that are members of neighboring galaxy groups, the M81 Group and the Centaurus A/M83 Group, and some that are currently not in any defined galaxy group.
The list aims to reflect current knowledge: not all galaxies within the 3.59 Mpc radius have been discovered. Nearby dwarf galaxies are still being discovered, and galaxies located behind the central plane of the Milky Way are extremely difficult to discern. It is possible for any galaxy to mask another located beyond it. Intergalactic distance measurements are subject to large uncertainties. Figures listed are composites of many measurements, some of which may have had their individual error bars tightened to the point of no longer overlapping with each other.[1]
List
edytuj# | Zdjęcie | Galaktyka | Typ | Odległość od Ziemi | Magnituda | Przynależność do grupy galaktyk | Uwagi | Średnica | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
miliony lat świetlnych | Mpc | M | m | |||||||
1 | Droga Mleczna | SBbc | 0.027[2] | 0.008[2] | −20.8 [1] | n/a | Grupa Lokalna | Galaktyka, w której się znajdujemy | 100,000–180,000 ly | |
2 | Karzeł Wielkiego Psa | Irr (status galaktyki dyskutowany) | 0.025[3] | 0.008 | −14.5 | 23.3 | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way) | N/A | |
3 | SagDEG (Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy) | dSph/E7 | 0.081 | 0.024[4] | −12.67[4] | 4.5[5] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way (partial accretion by Milky Way) | 10,000 ly | |
4 | Karzeł Wielkiej Niedźwiedzicy II | dSph | 0.098 | 0.030 | −4.2 | 14.3 | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way) | ~1,800 ly | |
5 | Wielki Obłok Magellana (LMC) | Irr/SB(s)m | 0.163 | 0.050[4] | −17.93[4] | 0.9[5] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | 14,000 ly | |
6 | Karzeł Wolarza | d Sph | 0.197[5] | 0.060 | −5.8[6] | 13.1 | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | N/A | |
7 | Mały Obłok Magellana (SMC, NGC 292) | SB(s)m pec | 0.206 | 0.063[4] | −16.35[4] | 2.7[5] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | 7,000 ly | |
8 | Karzeł Małej Niedźwiedzicy | dE4 | 0.206 | 0.063[4] | −7.13[4] | 11.9[5] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | ||
9 | Karzeł Smoka (DDO 208) | dE0 pec | 0.258 | 0.079[4] | −8.74[4] | 10.9[5] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way with a large amount of dark matter | ~2,700 × 1,900 ly | |
10 | NGC 2419 | Glob Clus | 0.275 | 0.084 | −9.5/−11 ? | 9.06 | Brightest remote MW globular cluster | 520 ly | ||
11 | Karzeł Sekstansu | dSph | 0.281 | 0.086[4] | −7.98[4] | 12[5] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | 8,400 ly | |
12 | Karzeł Rzeźbiarza (E351-G30) | dE3 | 0.287 | 0.088[4] | −9.77[4] | 10.1[5] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | N/A | |
13 | Karzeł Wielkiej Niedźwiedzicy I (UMa I dSph) | dSph | 0.330 | 0.10[7] | −6.75[7] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | A few thousand ly | ||
14 | Karzeł Kila (E206-G220) | dE3 | 0.330 | 0.10[4] | −8.97[7] | 11.3[5] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | 1,600 ly | |
15 | Karzeł Pieca (E356-G04) | dSPh/E2 | 0.46 | 0.14[1] | −11.5[4] | 9.28[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | N/A | |
16 | Karzeł Lwa II (Leo B, DDO 93) | dE0 pec | 0.701[8] | 0.215 | −9.23[4] | 12.45[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | 4,100 ly (tidal) | |
17 | Karzeł Lwa I (DDO 74, UGC 5470) | dE3 | 0.820[8] | 0.25 | −10.97[4] | 11.18[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | N/A | |
18 | Karzeł Lwa T | G[5] | 1.370 | 0.42[9] | 16[5] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way? | 2,300 ly | ||
19 | Karzeł Feniksa (P 6830) | IAm | 1.44 | 0.44 | −10.22[4] | 13.07[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | N/A | |
20 | Galaktyka Barnarda (NGC 6822) | IB(s)m IV-V | 1.630[8] | 0.50 | −15.22[4] | 9.32[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | 7,000 ly | |
21 | MGC1[10] | Glob Clus | 2 | 0.615 | −9.2 | Grupa Lokalna | Isolated cluster at ~200 kpc from M31 | N/A | ||
22 | NGC 185 | dE3 pec | 2.010 [11] | 0.62 | −14.76[4] | 9.99[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda | N/A | |
23 | Andromeda II | dE0 | 2.130 [11] | 0.65 | −9.33[4] | 15.10[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda | N/A | |
24 | IC 10 (UGC 192) | dIrr IV/BCD[5] | 2.2 | 0.67 | −15.57[4] | 12.2[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda | N/A | |
25 | NGC 147 (DDO 3) | dE5 pec | 2.200[11] | 0.68 | −14.9[4] | 10.36[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda | N/A | |
26 | Leo A (Leo III, DDO 69) | IBm V | 2.250[8] | 0.80[12] | −11.68[12] | 12.92 | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Milky Way | N/A | |
27 | IC 1613 (UGC 668) | IAB(s)m V | 2.350[8] | 0.72 | −14.51[4] | 9.92[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda | N/A | |
28 | Andromeda I | dE3 pec | 2.430[11] | 0.75 | −10.87[4] | 13.9[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda | N/A | |
29 | Andromeda III | dE2 | 2.440[11] | 0.75 | −9.30[4] | 15.20[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda | N/A | |
30 | Karzeł Wieloryba | dSph/E4 | 2.460[11] | 0.75 | −10.18[4] | 14.4[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda[4] | N/A | |
31 | M32 (NGC 221) | E2 | 2.480;[8] | 0.76 | −15.96[4] | 8.73[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Close Satellite of Andromeda | 6,500 ly | |
32 | Karzeł Kasjopei (Cas dSph, Andromeda VII) | dSph | 2.490[11] | 0.76 | −11.67[4] | 13.65[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda[4] | N/A | |
33 | Andromeda IX | dE | 2.500[11] | 0.77 | −7.5[4] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda[4] | N/A | ||
34 | LGS 3 | dIrr/dSph | 2.510[11] | 0.77 | −7.96[4] | 16.18[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Triangulum[potrzebny przypis] | N/A | |
35 | Andromeda V | dSph | 2.52[11] | 0.77 | −8.41[4] | 16.67[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda[4] | N/A | |
36 | Pegasus Dwarf Sph (And VI) | dSph | 2.55[11] | 0.78 | −10.80[4] | 14.05[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda[4] | N/A | |
37 | Andromeda VIII | dSph[13] | 2.7 | 0.828 | −15.6 | 9.1 | Grupa Lokalna | Tidally distorted dwarf close to Andromeda discovered 2003[13] | N/A | |
— | Galaktyka Andromedy (M31) | SA(s)b | 2.56[11] | 0.79 | −21.58[4] | 4.17[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Largest Galaxy in the Local Group, with at least 19 satellite galaxies | 220,000 ly | |
38 | Galaktyka Trójkąta (M33) | SAc | 2.64 [11] | 0.81 | −18.87[4] | 6.19[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Most distant (difficult) naked eye object | 60,000 ly | |
39 | M110 (NGC 205) | E6p | 2.69 [11] | 0.83 | −16.15[4] | 8.72[1] | Grupa Lokalna | Close Satellite of Andromeda | N/A | |
40 | Andromeda XXI[14] | dSph | 2.8 | 0.86 | −9.9 | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda | 13,000 ly | ||
41 | Andromeda XXII[14] | <dSph | 3.22 | 0.987 | 6.5 | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda | |||
42 | Karzeł Tukana | dE5 | 2.87 | 0.88[4] | −9.16 | 15.7[1] | Grupa Lokalna[4] | Isolated group member — a 'primordial' galaxy[15] | N/A | |
43 | Andromeda X | dSph[5] | 2.90 | 0.889 | −8.1[16] | 16.1[5] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda discovered 2006 | N/A | |
44 | Nieregularny Karzeł Pegaza (DDO 216) | dIrr/DSph[5] | 3.00 [11] | 0.92 | −11.47[4] | 13.21[5] | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda | N/A | |
45 | Andromeda XIX[17] | dG | 3.04 | 0.933 | −9.3 | Grupa Lokalna | Satellite of Andromeda, spread over 1.7 kpc | 22,200 ly | ||
46 | Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM, DDO 221) | Ib(s)m[5] | 3.16 | 0.97[12] | −14.06[12] | 11.03[5] | Grupa Lokalna | Isolated member at the edge of the local group | N/A | |
47 | SagDIG (Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy) | IB(s)m V[5] | 3.39 | 1.04[4] | −11.49 | 15.5 | Grupa Lokalna[1] | Isolated group member | N/A | |
48 | Karzeł Wodnika (DDO 210) | Im V | 3.49 [11] | 1.07 / 0.94[12] | −11.09[12] | 14.0[5] | Grupa Lokalna | Isolated group member | N/A | |
49 | UGC 4879 (VV124)[18] | 3.59 | 1.1 | −11.5[12] | Grupa Lokalna | N/A | ||||
50 | Karzeł Pompy | dE3.5[5] | 4.08 | 1.25[12] | −9.63[12] | 16.19[1] | Grupa Lokalna | May have interacted with NGC 3109[19] | 3,000 ly | |
51 | Sextans A (UGCA 205, DDO 75) | IBm[5] | 4.31[20] | 1.32 | −13.95[4] | 11.86[5] | Grupa Lokalna[1] | Isolated group member | N/A | |
52 | NGC 3109 | SB(s)m | 4.24 | 1.30[19] | −15.68[1] | 10.39[1] | Grupa Lokalna | N/A | ||
53 | Andromeda XVIII[17] | dG | 4.42 | 1.355 | −9.7 | Grupa Lokalna | N/A | |||
54 | Sextans B (UGC 5373) | IM IV-V[5] | 4.44 | 1.44[12] | −14.08[12] | 11.85[5] | Grupa Lokalna[1] | N/A | ||
55 | KKh 060 | Ir | 4.89 | 1.5[1] | 18B[5] | N/A | ||||
56 | KUG 1210+301B (KK98 127) | S.. | 4.89 | 1.5[1] | 15.7[5] | between LG and M94 | Pair? | N/A | ||
57 | HIZSS 003 | 5.5 | 1.69[12] | −12.60[12] | 18B[5] | Far below the SG plane | Hidden by the Milky Way | N/A | ||
58 | KKR 25 | Ir | 6.07 | 1.86[1] | −9.94[12] | 17.0[5] | N/A | |||
59 | ESO 410-G005 | E3[5] | 6.33 | 1.94[12] | −11.60[12] | 14.85[5] | NGC 55 & 300 | N/A | ||
60 | ESO 294-010 | dS0/Im[5] | 6.26[21] | 1.96[12] | −10.95[12] | 15.6[5] | NGC 55 & 300 | N/A | ||
61 | IC 5152 | IA(s)m[5] | 6.42 | 1.97[12] | −15.56[12] | 11.06[5] | NGC 55 & 300 ? | Remotely on the side of NGC 55 | N/A | |
62 | GR 8 (DDO 155) | ImV[5] | 6.95 | 2.13[12] | −12.14[12] | 14.65[5] | Inner edge of M94 Group | "footprint galaxy" | N/A | |
63 | KKR 03 (KK98 230) | dwarf Irr | 6.98 | 2.14[12] | −9.8 | 17.90[5] | Inner edge of M94 Group | 980 ly | ||
64 | NGC 300 | SA(s)d[5] | 7.01 | 2.15[21] | −17.92[1] | 8.95[5] | Inner edge of Sculptor group | forms pair with NGC 55 | 150,000? ly | |
65 | NGC 55 | SB(s)m: sp[5] | 7.08 | 2.17[12] | −18.47[12] | 8.84[1] | Inner edge of Sculptor group | Forms pair with NGC 300 | 730,000? ly | |
66 | UGCA 438 (ESO 407-018) | IB(s)m pec:[5] | 7.24 | 2.22[12] | −12.92[12] | 13.86[1] | NGC 55 & 300 | |||
67 | UGC 09128 (DDO 187) | ImIV-V | 7.3 | 2.24[12] | −12.47[12] | 14.38[5] | Inner edge of M94 Group | |||
68 | IC 3104 | IB(s)m | 7.40 | 2.27[1] | −14.85[12] | 13.63[5] | On the way to Circinus galaxy | |||
69 | IC 4662 (ESO 102- G 014) | IBm | 7.96 | 2.44[12] | −15.56[12] | 11.74[5] | On the way to Circinus galaxy | |||
70 | KKh 98 | Irr | 7.99 | 2.45[1] | −10.78[1] | 16.7[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
71 | UGC 8508 (I Zw 060) | IAm | 8.35 [22] | 2.69[12] | −13.09[12] | 14.40[5] | M94 Group | |||
72 | KKh 086 | Ir | 8.51 | 2.60[12] | −10.30[12] | 16.8[5] | Isolated (M94/Cent A) | |||
73 | DDO 99 (UGC 06817) | Im | 8.61 | 2.64[1]–3.9[5] | −13.52[12] | 13.4[5] | M94 Group | |||
74 | UGC 07577 (DDO 125) | Im | 8.94 | 2.74[12] | −14.32[12] | 12.84[5] | M94 Group | |||
75 | UGC 9240 (DDO 190) | IAm | 9.10 | 2.80[12] | −14.19[12] | 13.25[5] | M94 Group | |||
76 | Dwingeloo 1 | SB(s)cd | 9.13 | 2.8[1] | −18.78 | 19.8[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
77 | Maffei 2 | SAB(rs)bc | 9.13 | 2.8[1] | −20.15[4] | 14.77[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
78 | UGCA 276 (DDO 113) | Im | 9.32 | 2.86[1] | 15.40[5] | M94 Group | ||||
79 | NGC 4214 (UGC 07278) | IAB(s)m | 9.58 | 2.94[1] | 10.24[5] | M94 Group | Starburst galaxy | |||
80 | UGCA 86 | SAB(s)m[23] | 9.65 | 2.96[24] | 13.5[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group[23] | ||||
81 | NGC 4163 | dIrr | 9.65 | 2.96[24] | 14.5[5] | M94 Group | ||||
82 | Dwingeloo 2 | Im? | 9.78 | 3.0[1] | −14.55[1] | 20.5[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
83 | KKH 11 (ZOAG G135.74-04.53) | dE/N | 9.78 | 3.0[1] | −13.35[4] | 16.2[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
84 | KKH 12 | Ir | 9.78 | 3.0[1] | −13.03 | 17.8[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
85 | MB 3 | dSph | 9.78 | 3.0[1] | −13.65[4] | 19.8[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
86 | MB 1 (KK98 21) | SAB(s)d? | 9.78 | 3.0[1] | −14.81[4] | 20.5[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
87 | Maffei 1 | S0- pec | 9.78 | 3.0[1] | −18.97[4] | 11.4[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
88 | UGCA 92 | Im?[5] | 9.82 | 3.01[24] | 13[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group[23] | ||||
89 | UGC 8651 (DDO 181) | Im | 9.82 | 3.01[1] | 14.7[5] | M94 Group | ||||
90 | NGC 1569 (UGC 03056) | IBm;Sbrst[5] | 9.98 | 3.06[25] | −18.17[1] | 11.86[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group[23] | |||
91 | ESO 274-01[26] | SAd: | 10.1 | 3.09 | 11.7 | Centaurus A Group | ||||
92 | UGCA 292 (DDO 125) | ImIV-V | 10.11 | 3.1[1] | 16.0[5] | M94 Group | ||||
93 | NGC 3741 | ImIII/BCD | 10.21 [22] | 3.13 | 14.3[5] | M94 Group | ||||
94 | KK98 35 | Irr | 10.31 | 3.16[1] | −14.30 | 17.2[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
95 | HIPASS J1247-77 | Im | 10.31 | 3.16[27] | 17.B[5] | Aligned with IC 3104 | ||||
96 | NGC 2366 | IB(s)m | 10.40 [22] | 3.19 | 11.43[5] | M81 group | ||||
97 | UGCA 133 (DDO 44) | Im | 10.40 [22] | 3.19 | 15.54[5] | M81 group | ||||
98 | ESO 321-014[26] | IBm[5] | 10.40 [26] | 3.19 | 15.16[5] | Centaurus A Group | ||||
99 | UGC 8833 | Im | 10.41 | 3.19[1] | 16.5[5] | M94 Group | ||||
100 | UGC 4483 | BlueCG | 10.47 [22] | 3.21 | 15.2[5] | M81 group | ||||
101 | NGC 404 | SA(s)0-:[5] | 10.56 | 3.24[12] | −16.61[12] | 11.21[5] | 'Mirach's Ghost' | |||
102 | UGCA 105 | Im? | 10.63 [22] | 3.26 | −16.81 | 13.9[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
103 | IC 342 | SAB(rs)cd[5] | 10.70 | 3.28[1] | −20.69[1] | 9.37[1] | IC 342/Maffei Group | "the hidden galaxy" | ||
104 | Cas 1 (KK98 19) | dwarf Irr | 10.76 | 3.3[1] | −16.70 | 16.38[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
105 | NGC 2403 | SAB(s)cd HII | 10.76 | 3.30[4] | −19.29 | 8.93[5] | M81 group | |||
106 | Camelopardalis B | Irr | 10.80 [22] | 3.31 | −11.85 | 16.1[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
107 | UGCA 015 (DDO 6) | IB(s)m | 10.90 | 3.34[4] | −12.50[4] | 15.19[5] | Sculptor group | |||
108 | KKH 37 (Mai 16) | S/Irr | 11.06 | 3.39[27] | 16.4[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | ||||
109 | Holmberg II (DDO 50, UGC 4305) | Im | 11.06 [22] | 3.39 | 11.1[5] | M81 group | ||||
110 | NGC 5102 | SA0- HII | 11.09 | 3.40[1] | −18.08.56 | 10.35[5] | Centaurus A Group | |||
111 | NGC 5237 | I0?[5] | 11.09 | 3.40;[26] | 13.23[5] | Centaurus A Group | ||||
112 | ESO 325-11 | 11.09 | 3.40;[26] | 13.99[5] | Centaurus A Group | |||||
113 | ESO 540-030 (KDG 2) | IABm | 11.10 | 3.40[4] | −11.39 | 16.45[5] | Sculptor group | |||
114 | FM2000 1 | dSph? | 11.15 [22] | 3.42 | 17.5[5] | M81 group | ||||
115 | ESO 540-032 | IAB(s)m pec: | 11.15 | 3.42[4] | −11.32[4] | 16.55[5] | Sculptor group | |||
116 | NGC 1560 | SA(s)d HII | 11.25 | 3.45[1] | −16.87[4] | 12.16[5] | IC 342/Maffei Group | |||
117 | ESO 383-087 (ISG 39) | SB(s)dm | 11.3 | 3.45[26] | −15.16[1] | 11.03[5] | Centaurus A Group | |||
118 | NGC 5206 | 11.3 | 3.47;[26] | Centaurus A Group | ||||||
119 | KK 179 (ESO 269-37) | 11.4 | 3.48[26] | Centaurus A Group | ||||||
120 | KK98 77 | dwarf Sph | 11.35 [22] | 3.48 | 16.2[5] | M81 group | ||||
121 | DDO 71 | Im | 11.42 [22] | 3.50 | 18[5] | M81 group | ||||
122 | M82 | I0;Sbrst HII | 11.51 | 3.53[4] | −19.63[4] | 9.30 [5] | M81 group | 37,000 ly | ||
123 | ESO 269-66 (KK98 190) | dE,N | 11.55 | 3.54[1] | −13.56 | 14.11[5] | Centaurus A Group | |||
124 | M81 Dwarf A (KDG 52) | I? | 11.58 [22] | 3.55 | −11.49[4] | 16.5[5] | M81 group | |||
125 | NGC 2976 | SAc pec HII | 11.61 [22] | 3.56 | −17.1[4] | 10.82[5] | M81 group | |||
126 | UGC 4459 (DDO 53) | Im | 11.61 [22] | 3.56 | −13.37[4] | 14.48 [5] | M81 group | |||
127 | NGC 4945 | SB(s)cd:sp[5] | 11.70 [28] | 3.59 | −20.51[1] | 9.3[5] | Centaurus A Group | |||
# | Galaxy | Type | Dist from Earth | Magnitude | Group Membership |
Notes | ||||
Mly | Mpc | M | m |
See also
edytujNotes
edytuj- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2004) A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies Refinements in distance measurements could change the order presented in this list.
- ↑ a b distance of the Solar System from the Galactic Center. The distance of Earth from the galaxy which contains it is of course "zero".
- ↑ From official press release announcing discovery (University of Strasbourg) Szablon:Webarchive accessdate = June 2008
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl I.D. Karachentsev , The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups, „Astronomical Journal”, 1, 129, 2005, s. 178–188, DOI: 10.1086/426368, Bibcode: 2005AJ....129..178K, arXiv:astro-ph/0410065 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database [online] .
- ↑ Belokurov, 2006 A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes
- ↑ a b c Willman, Dalcanton, Martinez-Delgado, et al. (2005) "A New Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy in Ursa Major", submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters, on arXiv.org: astro-ph/0503552
- ↑ a b c d e f van den Bergh, S. (2000)Updated Information on the Local Group
- ↑ Discovery of an Unusual Dwarf Galaxy in the Outskirts of the Milky Way, „The Astrophysical Journal”, 656, 2007, L13–L16, DOI: 10.1086/512183, Bibcode: 2007ApJ...656L..13I, arXiv:astro-ph/0701154 .
- ↑ Deep Gemini/GMOS imaging of an extremely isolated globular cluster in the Local Group, „Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society”, 401, 2009, s. 533–546, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15678.x, Bibcode: 2010MNRAS.401..533M, arXiv:0909.1456 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p McConnachie, A. W. et al. 2005 Distances and Metallicities for 17 Local Group Galaxies
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq The Hubble flow around the Local Group, „Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society”, 4, 393, 2009, s. 1265, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14300.x, Bibcode: 2009MNRAS.393.1265K, arXiv:0811.4610 .
- ↑ a b Morrison et al. 2003 Andromeda VIII, a New Tidally Distorted satellite of M31 — for details see [1]
- ↑ a b PAndAS' cubs: Discovery of two new dwarf galaxies in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies, „The Astrophysical Journal”, 705, 2009, s. 758–765, DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/705/1/758, Bibcode: 2009ApJ...705..758M, arXiv:0909.0399 .
- ↑ See
- ↑ Zucker et al. 2007 Andromeda X, a New Dwarf Spheroidal satellite of M31:Photometry — for details see [2]
- ↑ a b A Trio of New Local Group Galaxies with Extreme Properties, Alan W. McConnachie et al. 2008, ApJ 688 1009-1020, https://arxiv.org/abs/0806.3988
- ↑ VV124 (UGC4879): A new transitional dwarf galaxy in the periphery of the Local Group, „Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters”, 387, 2008, L45–L49, DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00482.x, Bibcode: 2008MNRAS.387L..45K, arXiv:0803.1107 .
- ↑ a b Soszynski "et al."(2006) The Araucaria Project: Distance to the Local Group Galaxy NGC 3109 from Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheids see [3]
- ↑ Dolphin, Andrew E. et al. 2003 Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance
- ↑ a b Karachentsev, I. D. et al. (2003) Distances to Nearby Galaxies in Sculptor
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Karachentsev, I. D. et al.(2002)The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure
- ↑ a b c d see article at
- ↑ a b c http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/131/3/1361/205003.tb1.html
- ↑ Grocholski, A.J. et al. "HST/ACS Photometry of Old Stars in NGC 1569: The Star Formation History of a Nearby Starburst", 2012, Astronomical Journal, 143, 117-135 Szablon:Doi , https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.0989
- ↑ a b c d e f g h http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/133/2/504
- ↑ a b http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/131/3/1361/
- ↑ I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2002) New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group
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